Micronutrient Deficiencies in Celiac Disease: Systematic Review

Presenter Information(s)

Natalie Martinez

Abstract or Description

Background and aims:

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that damages the lining of the small intestine after consuming foods that contain gluten, a protein commonly found in grains. The incidence of CD in the U.S. has been increasing. Untreated CD contributes to comorbidities, yet when following a strict gluten-free (GF) diet, other long-term health problems may arise due to micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to determine which micronutrient deficiencies are most common. 

Methods: 

This systemic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.  Inclusion criteria PubMed platform, peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2016 and 2025; Keywords used “celiac disease,” “gluten-free diet,” “gluten-free,” “deficiencies,” “micronutrient deficiencies,” “nutrient,”.

Results:  

7 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most common micronutrient deficiency was Vitamin D, Calcium, Folate, Vitamin B 12, Iron, Zinc & Magnesium reported by 6 studies. Other common deficiencies were Selenium, Niacin (Vit. B3), Biotin (Vit. B7), Riboflavin (Vit. B2) and Pyridoxine (Vit. B6). Reported by 2 articles respectively. 

Conclusion:  

A strict GF diet can lead to deficiencies in important micronutrients. Based on the results of the study and in agreement with the Celiac Disease Foundation, it is recommended that patients with CD consider eating foods that are naturally high in these essential vitamins, like fruits, vegetables, protein, legumes, quinoa, GF whole grains & multivitamin supplements to prevent deficiencies. 

Mentor

Terezie Tolar-Peterson